The Mass Media s Representation Of Campaign Discourse

It is the chaotic month of November, and the fate of America lies in one candidate’s hands. With the election coming to its scandalous end, the country has been a tremendous user of television, internet, newspaper, and radio. Presidential nominee, Donald Trump has not hesitated in releasing numerous shocking statements, and the reporters have not resisted their urge of publishing his words. Nevertheless, it is evident that, â€Å"By decreasing the effort necessary for journalists to gather information, politicians can garner substantially more media attention for themselves† (Niven). But, as one inspects the features of all mass media closely, a pattern of specific contents and people constantly being under the radar can be noticed. The boundless attention from viewers, reporters and advertisers bring fame, and support to candidates, whether it being for negative or positive purposes. While covering every aspect of candidates, â€Å"The mass media’s representat ion of campaign discourse influences whether voters have the opportunity to scrutinize the candidates’ issue priorities and policy proposals† (Hayes). High ratings, biased opinions, exaggerated news, and politically incorrect expressions are usually the type of contents drawing the society to itself. Similarly, due to his erratic and unexpected behavior, Trump has gained vast news coverage, risen to fame through social media, and gotten both honored and dishonored simultaneously throughout his candidacy. One of the mostShow MoreRelatedEssay Just A little Gay1629 Words   |  7 PagesOver the past years, mainstream advertising campaigns have shifted their rhetoric to include a focus on non-heterosexual identities, working toward normalizing these within the mass consumer audience. 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It was noted that back in these times, the average person had to get by with music and oral storytelling or live action media through the form of plays or even gladiatorialRead MoreStereotypes of Men in Advertisements Essay2022 Words   |  9 PagesStereotypes of Men in Advertisements Visual representation of reality, as seen through mass media, is acknowledged by sociologists to be influential in shaping peoples views of the world. Our everyday realities are articulated mostly by what we see in the media. The role of advertising in this interpretation of reality is crucial. 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Bullying Is Not Right And Needs - 1093 Words

The sheer antipathy and animosity I have towards bullying is why I think it should be eradicated. Bullying is simply not right and needs to be stopped. Suicide, this is a precarious topic, is it not? But guess what it happens, it is a fact of life. Did you know 30% of young people have gone on to self-harm as a result of bullying? Did you know 1 in 65,000 children aged 10 to 14 commit suicide each year? This is not due to family problems, depression, abuse, but due to bullying. There are various types of bullying; physical bullying which includes hitting, kicking, tripping, pinching, pushing and injurious behaviour. These are done deliberately, repeatedly to someone. There is a certain type of bullying which is becoming more of a defiant problem; cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is the act of causing harm to others using digital media like mobile phones, emails, social networking sites and general internet use. One of the most common forms of internet abuse, as many inhuman people hide behind a computer saying obnoxious, unpleasant and vile things to someone as they cannot say it in real life. Are you aware that over 55% of adolescents and teenagers have been bullied? About the same number have been engaged in cyber bullying. Are you also aware, that more than one third of young people have been threatened online? Whether it is an empty threat or a violent threat, it s still a threat. Cyber bullying leads to people to suffer low self-esteem and a damaged view ofShow MoreRelatedShould Bullying Be Long Term?847 Words   |  4 Pagesthat around 46% of young people, have witnessed or been the victim of bullying during their childhood (Choices, 2016). Although there is no official legal definition of bullying, it is suggested that it is a repeated and negative behaviour which is deliberately used to hurt someone either physically or emotionally (Lives, 2013). 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Salve Regina College Essay Example For Students

Salve Regina College Essay Salve Regina College was chartered by the State of Rhode Island in 1934. By a 1991 amendment to the Charter the name was changed to Salve Regina University. Founded by the Religious Sisters of Mercy, Salve Regina was established as an independent institution in the Catholic tradition to provide higher education to women and men. The University acquired property in Newport in 1947 and welcomed its first class of 58 students. Salve Regina now serves 2,200 men and women from 40 states and 24 foreign countries and boasts over 10,000 alumni and alumnae. The undergraduate Continuing Education programs are based on the liberal arts. There are concentrations in Liberal Studies, Business and Nursing. The University offers Associate, Baccalaureate, and Master’s degrees, the Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study, and the Ph.D. in Humanities. Salve Regina College was chartered by the State of Rhode Island in 1934. By a 1991 amendment to the Charter the name was changed to Salve Regina University. Founded by the Religious Sisters of Mercy, Salve Regina was established as an independent institution in the Catholic tradition to provide higher education to women and men. The University acquired property in Newport in 1947 and welcomed its first class of 58 students. Salve Regina now serves 2,200 men and women from 40 states and 24 foreign countries and boasts over 10,000 alumni and alumnae. The undergraduate Continuing Education programs are based on the liberal arts. There are concentrations in Liberal Studies, Business and Nursing. The University offers Associate, Baccalaureate, and Master’s degrees, the Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study, and the Ph.D. in Humanities.

Emotional Impact of Separation on Hills free essay sample

Before authoring â€Å"Hills like White Elephants,† Hemingway had been residing in Paris with his wife Hadley and son, Bumby. During their stay in Paris, Hadley and Ernest Hemingway met a woman named Pauline Pfeiffer. Pauline was more of a friend to Hadley than Hemingway was. Pauline did not think much of Hemingway at first, she thought he was lazy and a no-doer. Later Pauline and Hemingway fell in love and had an affair. Once Hadley knew of their affair, Hemingway requested a divorce. Hadley agreed under one condition, Hemingway and Pfeiffer had to separate for 100 days. After the 100 days if they were still in love, then Hadley would grant the divorce (Baker 174). This separation period left an indelible effect on Hemingway’s life and works. During this separation, Hemingway began a collection of short stories titled â€Å"Men without Women.† Hemingway explained, â€Å"The title was an indication that all the stories were missing the softening feminine influence† (Baker 182). We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Impact of Separation on Hills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Out of this collection, he wrote a short story, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants.†The story opens up with two people engaging in a conversation at a cafà © in a train station. The reader can easily view that the couple is merely just passing time. However, several references could lead the reader to believe that the alcohol consumption is a panacea for the couple. In the opening paragraph, the couple is getting off the train. They wanted to get something to drink. The couple could have had any beverage to drink but the man suggested they drink beer and then he emphasized â€Å"big† ones. This was an indication that the couple was dealing with something serious. In paragraph 87 when the girl did not want to talk anymore, she then asked if they could have another beer (Stanford 841). It is human nature to avoid problems, as this couple is doing. Why do people drink? People develop dependencies, to cope with troubles. In relation to Hemingway, he was among the many literary writers who were alcoholics. He even said, â€Å"That all good writers are drinking writers† (Benedictus). Looking at the circumstances when Hemingway wrote the story, he was very depressed. He became so emotionally depressed he vowed to kill himself by Christmas if his love affair had not settled (Baker 176). He faced guilt for divorcing Hadley. He also faced criticism and rejection from his parents. They did not grant approval to his literary works. Hemingway’s mother had even referred to one of his works as, â€Å"One of the filthiest books of the year† (Baker 180).

Concept of Narrative Essay

A narrative essay can be defined as a story written for a certain purpose and point. People have many stories they need to tell and they therefore write narrative essays for particular audiences or for their own satisfaction. In workplaces, narratives essays are not common occurrences but at times individuals might be asked to give a report on conferences they attended or give an account of something that happened. Narrative essays give the writers an opportunity to speak about themselves. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Narrative Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People have experiences they wish to share with their friends thus narrative essays provide the necessary tools for telling these stories in understandable ways. Narrative essays usually tell stories about the lives of individuals. They may also talk about memorable people or events that took place in the past (Essayinfo 3). Although it is advisable not to begin narrative essays with I, this may be used to initiate creativity in a narrative essay. It is also a requirement that narrative essays be written in chronological order. However, it does not imply that the rules have to be always followed because narrative essays may be boring when told in this style. Use of descriptive language is an effective way of drawing the attention of the readers into the experiences of the writer. Verbs adverbs and adjectives that make the reader create visual images should be used in narrative essays. The writing of a narrative essay should be conversational for the writers to sound as if they tell the story verbally as opposed to a written one. This is made possible by applying metaphors, anecdotes and other related tales within the narrative. The writer should think of the most comfortable way the story would have been told and write a narrative essay that way. It is always important to start with a draft then transform it int o a complete narrative essay. Most narrative tales are told in the 1st person and this applies to a narrative essay. However, if the essay talks about the experiences of other individuals, she or he may be used. Consistency is crucial in the narrative essay thus if it starts in the first person, the whole essay should be written in the first person. The most important thing to note in writing a narrative essay is that its basis is real events. As a result, it follows all the rules of an essay as opposed to a mere story (Essayinfo 4 ).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Narrative essays start by explaining the topic and then introduce the characters. A basic premise is included in the introduction which in simple terms shows the lesson learnt from the experience and what makes the story important. From the draft of the essay, an individual writing a narrative essay should pick out the mo st suitable points that give a detailed explanation of the story. The points should have a close link with the premise of the narrative essay. In the development of the essay, descriptive tests that imply that there is enough information to support the premise should be included. Just like normal essays, the last paragraph in a narrative essay serves to conclude it. In the conclusion, the premise is restated and a summary of the events leading to such a conclusion presented. Descriptive language and a premise in narrative essays usually make the essays interesting to read. Explaining personal experiences or the experiences of others in narrative essays makes it possible for individuals to relate with memorable events in ways that are easy to understand (Essayinfo 5). Works Cited Essayinfo. Narrative Essay. 2010. Web. This essay on Concept of Narrative Essay was written and submitted by user Anderson Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Guestimate the length and size of the angle Essays

Guestimate the length and size of the angle Essays Guestimate the length and size of the angle Essay Guestimate the length and size of the angle Essay 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10 The range of sample 2s estimates of the length = 10-2= 8 The Median = 5+5 /2 =5 The Mode = 5 The Mean = cumulative estimates (163.5) divided by total number of estimates (30) = 5.45 = 6 The 30 estimated lengths (in cm) are as follows (taken from sample 3-people who do not wear spectacles): 2, 2, 2.5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3.5, 3.5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4.5, 4.5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9 The range of sample 3s estimates of the length = 10-2= 8 The Median = 4+4 /2 =4 The Mode = 4 The Mean = cumulative estimates (136.5) divided by total number of estimates (30) = 4.55 = 5 The 30 estimated angles ( oC) are as follows (taken from sample 2 -people who wear spectacles): 30, 30, 35, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 40, 42, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 50, 50, 55, 55, 60, 62, 65, 65 The range of sample 1s estimates of the angle = 65-30 = 30 The Median angle = =45+45 / 2 =45 The Mode angle = 45 The Mean = cumulative estimates (1303) divided by total number of estimates (30) = 43.43 = 43 The 30 estimated angles ( oC) are as follows (taken from sample 3-people who do not wear spectacles): 20, 26, 30, 30, 35, 40, 43, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 55 The range of sample 1s estimates of the angle = 55-20 = 35 The Median angle = =45+45 / 2 =45 The Mode angle = 45 The Mean = cumulative estimates (1286) divided by total number of estimates (30) = 42.86 = 43 6.2 Pie charts These pie charts, which are not drawn to scale, show the distribution of estimates by people who part of the investigation. Pie chart representing percentages of 30 peoples (wearing spectacles) estimates of the length [image028.gif] [image010.gif] 6 cm 4.4 cm 2 cm 9 cm 10 cm 8 cm 7 cm [image030.gif] *Note: Any estimates with a value of zero are not represented in this chart The mode estimate for the both these pie charts are represented by the largest portion Pie chart representing percentages of 30 peoples ( not wearing spectacles) estimates of the length 7 cm 9 cm 6 cm 5 cm 4.5 cm 3 cm 4 cm 3.5 cm 2.5 cm cm 2 cm [image032.gif] Pie chart representing percentages of 30 peoples (wearing spectacles) estimates of the Angle [image034.gif] *Note: The mode estimate for the both these pie charts are represented by the largest portion Pie chart representing percentages of 30 peoples (not wearing spectacles) estimates of the angle [image032.gif] This frequency diagram shows the distribution of estimates of the length [image036.gif] This frequency diagram shows the distribution of estimates of the angle [image038.gif]

The History of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History of Advertising - Essay Example This essay "The history of advertising" outlines the changes in the advertisement in course of times and its future. Advertising today is totally integrated with the term marketing, that it has become an activity similar to mass selling. In this respect it has to be distinguished from other activities intended to persuade the public, like propaganda, publicity and public relations. The techniques of advertising range in complexity from the publishing of simple notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to the integrated marketing communications, involving the concerned use of advertising in newspapers, magazines, television and radio and on the internet as well as direct response, sales promotion and other communications vehicles in the course of a single campaign. From its humble beginnings in the ancient times, advertising had grown into a worldwide industry, with billions of dollars spent every year to influence the purchase of products and services. New age advertising Advertising has also changed not only in spending but by its nature, scope and components over the years. The channels (media), research, techniques of persuasion, industry structure, economic and social effects and regulation are the factors that have contributed to its change over the years. Today advertising messages are disseminated through numerous channels. The television, newspapers, direct mail, radio, yellow pages, magazines, business publications, outdoor advertising and farm publications were the traditional channels. But miscellaneous media such as window displays, free shopping news publications, calendars, blimps, sky writing by airplanes, sandwich boards carried by people walking the streets, delivery trucks painted with product messages, wrapping paper and shopping bags etc are employed to reach the advertisements to the potential buyers. The new information age has contributed the advertising industry with its new channels like the internet, gleaming with pop-up messages and e-mail alerts; the mobile phones with the SMS messages and the net savvy gadgets that download the entertainment along with the ad promos. Research is another factor that has contributed to the growth of the sector. It was only possible to approximate the effectiveness of various advertising a century ago. Today prospective advertisers were guided almost solely by estimates of magazine and newspaper readership. Advertising and market research has become so much sophisticated that advertisers and agencies frequently conduct extensive and expensive surveys to determine the potential acceptance of products or services before they are advertised nationally at costs that may amount to millions of dollars. Techniques of persuasion has also changed, most of them circumscribed only by the ingenuity of the creative mind, the limits of various channels of communication, by certain legal restrictions and by the standards self imposed by the industry. Modern advertising employs an astonishing variety of persuaders. Among these are humorous and entertaining television and radio commercials, appeals to the sense of smell by use of perfumed ink on paper, endorsements of products by celebrities, appeals to parents to give their children a better life and future, appeals to children to 'ask mommy' to buy certain break fast cereals and the controversial use of 'scare copy'. The advertising industry has also changed. Today we see a great transition from the old space brokerage to the new age big-budget

Qustions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Qustions - Essay Example Therefore, it can be said that managers assume the key responsibility of the successful implementation of corporate GIS in an organization. In order to accomplish that, managers need to overcome the barriers and address the implications that result from the implementation. The following text discusses some of the implications of introducing the corporate GIS to an organization from a managers’ perspective. Many companies have conventionally invested quite a lot in different GIS resources that include but are not limited to software, hardware, and human resources. As a result of that, management has demanded tangible outcomes on the sum invested. Management in any organization expects to receive tangible outcomes from the implementation of corporate GIS. If the management does not acquire tangible outcomes soon, there is little likelihood for management of continuing its support for the corporate GIS. Many case studies have traditionally shown that many information systems expe rience such hurdles (Otawa, n.d.). Researchers like (Saarinen, 1987) have devised organization-wide solutions in order to meet the challenges associated with implementation of corporate GIS in the organization. ... In order to make the system effective with the corporate GIS, employees need to be trained on the use of GIS. To achieve that, it is required of the managers to arrange training programs for the employees in which they may be offered education about the use of GIS. In addition to that, managers need to work out the best time that is suitable for the on-job training from the duty hours available to them. Not just that, managers need to convince the top management and / or the owners to bear the expenses thus incurred. Education of the organizational staff is compulsory, though it consumes additional cost. With that, management who is already skeptical about the idea of implementation of corporate GIS in the organization becomes even more repulsive towards it. In addition to the lack of employees education as discussed above, Management also has to suffer from a lack of GIS data of sufficiently high quality. Although in recent years, there has been improvement in the availability of th e required GIS data for organizational use, though this does not essentially mean that the improved availability has also improved the accuracy of the data. Many of the GIS databases are outdated because they have not been updated on a regular basis. Other implications for implementing corporate GIS in organization for managers include but are not limited toâ€Å"(1) data inaccuracies – both spatial and attribute, (2) data conversion issues, e.g., digitizing and format translations, and simply (3) the lack of data necessary to perform routine job duties† (Otawa, n.d.). GIS can not be implemented on a higher level unless these concerns are addressed. All of these factors need to be taken into consideration and taken adequate measures for in order to gain maximum benefit from the systems

Australia study (social and political cultures) Essay

Australia study (social and political cultures) - Essay Example The phrase â€Å"ANZAC traditions† has its roots firmly in the First World War when the mother country called for troops from its colonies in order to fight the war. The combined forces of Australia and New Zealand were better known as the ANZACs or the Australian and New Zealand Corps. In battle the soldiers from the ANZAC division showed remarkable bravery and determination to win the war. Over time within the war years the ANZAC tradition came to denote the very characteristics that defined these soldiers namely their courage, good humour, mateship, endurance, ingenuity and larrikinism (Howe, 1995). This tradition meant that the soldiers from the ANZAC division were perceived impervious to the class and cultural differences found in British society. This phrase not only has meaning in connection to the First World War alone but can be seen as a defining moment for Australian national history. Previously Australians perceived themselves as subjects of the mother country but following the social and cultural consolidation after the First World War, the Australians begun to see themselves as a separate nation. Even today this phrase is used to indicate the nascent years of Australian nationhood (Smith, 2006). In a similar manner, the word mateship has come to symbolise Australian culture over time. As seen in the preceding phrase, the ANZAC tradition one of the defining features of the Australian soldiers was mateship (McDonald, 2009). Mateship refers to an embodiment of equality, friendship and loyalty. There has been rampant debate as to the origins of mateship as a word in common use. Some texts have inaccurately traced the origins of mateship to the early convicts who were settled in Australia when it was treated as a penal colony. However other research has conclusively proved that the word mateship emerged out of the predominantly Irish working class that was present in British society. Nineteenth century Australia

Effect of Capitalism on Society

Effect of Capitalism on Society ABSTRACT Relationships in business management values and beliefs play a critical role in establish long-term mutual benefits to organizations, However back in history capitalism was envisaged through religious beliefs which apply even to date in our daily lifes, however social networking and educations systems have opened up markets globally, This research paper looks on the impacts associated with capitalism and ethical responsibilities to society; that business and government both have important roles to play in the modern economy; and that ethics and integrity are essential to personal fulfillment and to business success. INTRODUCTION The world today believes in change and liberation due to beliefs and values of every society, the quality of living based on individual decisions and moral values are critical in building and of business relationship. It is therefore vital to understand how business and society can be governed and all manner of people and races respected. Every society has taboos and social entities that control its environment; however business and society is based on values that can be created by others though scientific research. According to Weber, The Protestant Ethic is a starting point towards understanding the multiple dimensions of social change. The relationship between business and ethics is interlocked in the sense that a successful company is one which can effectively maintain the relationship which exists between them and the other parties. For effective corporate management, organization varies due to policies and systems of operation in service deliver, most professionals governed by professional code of ethics invent individual personality. Religious beliefs critically affect each individual spiritual being. Today businesses that have strong corporate codes of ethics are performing well in the long-term. Government policies and competition is vital for survival in every business entity, customer expectations and organization relationships to society are critical in branding and corporate image which differentiates companys offering from those of competitors. To manage it demand for in the long run demands commitment and sound moral behavior. This demonstrates dedication to all stakeholders, ethics enhance how a company operates and also enhances a companys reputation and this brings more profits to the organizations. MAX WEBER PROTESTANT ETHICS Max Weber a German sociologist and political economist (1864 1920) aim at understanding the revolution power based of political stability and control of capitalism. With his social and religious beliefs, he investigated to known why the districts that were most economically developed were also most favorable to a revolution. In his findings, Weber argues that according to the occupational statistics of countries of mixed religious composition, business leaders and owners, as well as the higher skilled laborers and personnel, are overwhelmingly Protestant. He aimed at bring change and revolution. The argument was based on development and education by the Catholics which he believes lead was a cause to nationality imbalance. Resources were unfairly distributed thus the districts ended up converting protestant, it plumbs the deep cultural forces that affect contemporary work life and the workplace in the capitalist communities, and it plumbs the deep religion forces that affect contemporary work life and the workplace. He professed religion balance between the Catholic and Protestant parents tend to give their children different kinds of education, in which his believe was that education is an equal asset to both the Catholics and protestants, however he was not font that Catholics have more of a tendency in education while protestants stay in handicrafts and sectors rather than to go into industry. This suggests that their environment has determined the choice of occupation and seems all the more likely because one would normally expect Catholics to get involved in economic activity. His argument was based on political power and influence and his believe that Protestants had stronger tendencies and capabilities to develop the economy rationalism. To him this was not a philosophy of mere greed but a statement laden with moral language. Creating modern capitalism that affects contemporary life and work place ethically. Lacks of ethics contribute to a state where the corporate bottom lines make profits through immoral acts. This relents to damaged image and leads to corrupt dealings and poor ethical practices. Managers who promote an atmosphere with high ethical standards create a competitive concept that positions a company above rivals. This will impact help increase revenues for the benefit of all stakeholders. SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. Decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investment are made within a free market. Profit is sent to owners who invest in businesses, and wages are paid to workers. The world of business is where religion demands high moral and values; Webers idea of modern capitalism as growing out of the religious pursuit of wealth meant a change to a rational means of existence, wealth. Looking at this argument the world today has changed due to advancement of human knowledge and technological advances, religion affects business depending on relationship created among business partners, however religion is an obligation to look at, basically the impact can be based on critical values of entrepreneurs or markets targeted. Every organization is critically evaluated through its promise and purposes to deliver its products and services. The compliment can be on ability to abide by the vision and mission statement. Weber says, at some point the Calvinist rationale informing the spirit of capitalism became unreliant on the underlying religious movement behind it, leaving only rational capitalism. In essence then, Webers Spirit of Capitalism is effectively and more broadly a Spirit of rationalization which can be too personal. Webers argues that the first and probably most vital feature of the spirit of capitalism was that it invested economizing with high moral significance. The individual engages in capitalistic economizing not only for the expediency of making a living, but in the expectation that such activity would test his inner resources and thus affirm his moral worth. Today communication among business entities has created a link to doing business better, the advancement of technology e.g. the use of electronic mode of payment has brought about cross boundary relationships which can easily be manage and monitored. In this regard, likewise, the individual entrepreneur isnt allowed to become overly absorbed into or preoccupied with him. His existence revolves around an objective concern outside himself, which unceasingly demands his devotion and thus, becomes a test of his self-worth; Weber aims of scrutinizing individual strength and builds trust which is critical to business operations. This is to provide opportunities for resistance in the organizational structures with emancipation alongside those for repression and subordination. In most economies equal business opportunities are applied to allow free movement of labour and interest payment are legitimate returns on capital which provides legal mechanism for state in mobilization of funds and partnerships and create a modern state. The challenges in the society today are; highly competitive environments, global warming, inflation, which puts pressure on companys leaders to create profitable relationships remain competent to create channels which circumvent to stakeholders returns on investment. The pressure of delivering positive results can lead to unethical decisions by individuals. However Governing legal frameworks therefore become critical as a key competency for quality productivity. Every organization has to avoid unethical environment because if it occurs it usually gets passed down through the organization ruining its reputation. In the world today China and India are believed to be federal capitalist who excises economical power, capitalism depends upon a delegation of power from the state to economic actors and upon the coercive power of the state to design, monitor, and ultimately enforce market regulation. The pricing mechanism coordinates supply and demand within a given market framework, while the visible hand of government enforces the framework and keeps it up to date. (Bruzz Scott: the root of modern capitalism journal 11 June 2008/ LUTHER CONCEPTION CALLING According to Weber his conception calling was on realization that people have got duty to fulfill and obligations imposed on them which must be attain, this believe adds value to letting each individual practice his capabilities and beliefs for betterment of living. He argues that each person has got a legitimate calling or purpose by his God; however the society is a mix of races as others rarely believe in God. He came to believe in absolute obedience to Gods will, and acceptance of the way things were. According to Weber he was not trying to evaluate the ideas of the reformation in either social of religious worth. He was only trying to understand how certain characteristics of modern culture can be traced to the reformation. Scientifically most of Webers unforeseen believe are today engulfing physically through research challenging this believes. Today the society demands quality products and services with gratification of immediate results, perhaps a reason some companies practice corporate values to deliver results based of professionalism and not mere religion hindrances. Due to bureaucratic leaderships it is obvious that ones individual moral capabilities impacts decisions and choices made in a business and in the process of it the immoral acts will decline. This in today business relationship is based on training and staff motivation. The staff morale is critical; at such a case Webers religion plays a role as most organization start a day with a word of prayer as a way of building courage and etiquette among employees. Thus, Weber capitalistic spirit was not the goal of these religious reformers; their cultural impact was unforeseen and maybe undesired. Webers moral values were that his study will hopefully contribute to the understanding of how ideas become effective forces in history. He in his calling was to civilize other believers and create a more ethical responsible society with a better lifestyle. In the modern society Weber also notes that societies having more Protestants should be those that have a more developed capitalist economy. Webers transformation approach was not personal for monetary gain but based on passion for his Lutheran faith. In the other part, his calling was that people be saved, and accumulate wealth as the resources were to be reinvested in worthy enterprises. The spirit of capitalism constituted a sort of moral habitus which burdened the possessor of money with a stewards obligation toward his own possessions. Weber argues that, the individual entrepreneur isnt allowed to become overly absorbed to a none ethical relationship, rather their existence revolves around an objective concern outside himself, which unceasingly demands his devotion and thus, becomes a test of his self-worth. It is in the best interest of a company to promote universal ethically good behavior in the workplace. This can be through Consumer trust and confidence in a business. This ultimately enhances economical benefits to a company and its network will grow. Thus, Weber concludes that the simple idea of the calling in Lutheranism is at best of limited importance to his study GLOBALIZATION Modern capitalism is about blended revolution aimed to create systems across boundaries; technology is factor that has influenced positively capitalism development on perspective of social systems, most government political challenges also affects the relationships by compromising relationships management across boundaries. However, this can be done through international marketing e.g. development abroad, franchising licensing and many others or through outsourcing services. Trade is increasingly global in scope today. Technological has improved transportation and communication opportunities and trade is now more practical. Thus, consumers and businesses now have access to the very best products from many different countries. Increasingly rapid technology lifecycles also increases the competition among countries as to who can produce the newest in technology. In part to accommodate these realities, countries in the last several decades have taken increasing steps to promote global trade through agreements such as the General Treaty on Trade and Tariffs, (Lars Perner, Ph.D) At glace ethical organizations create a stable organization culture and affects the level of decision making, the relationship between business and the society is vital, thus ethics is a component of doing good business. It would be a better world if the alternatives to source professionals could be utilized. However a population of unskilled workers is high and various governments rules of socials and dictatorship style of management insulates countries with anti market policies creating a non conducive environment for investments. However adapting ethical social governance can change for well created government for capitalism has got to start somewhere due to poor leadership opponents of globalization worry that many of the economic opportunities afforded the world while in many developing countries. CONCLUSION As the world advance and relationships are made, it is vital to understand the impact that matters to our daily lifes devotions. All aspect and merits of life are contacted by beliefs and creation of ones faith. REFERENCES www.sparknotes.com/philosophy: webers conception of calling http:/ www.the-dissident.com/globalization.shtml www.consumerpsychologist.com/international_marketing.html http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/international_marketing.html http://www.america.gov/st/democracy

President :: essays research papers

second Vice President of the United States. Garner was born near Detroit, Red River County, Texas. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice in Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas. He was a judge of Uvalde County from 1893 to 1896 and a member of the state House of Representatives from 1898 to 1902. Garner was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1902 from a newly created congressional district covering tens of thousands of square miles of rural South Texas. He was elected from the district fourteen subsequent times, serving until 1933. Garner's hard work and integrity made him a respected leader in the House, and he was chosen to serve as minority floor leader for the Democrats in 1929, and then as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in 1931. In 1932, Garner ran for the Democratic Presidential nomination, becoming one of New York Governor Franklin Roosevelt's most serious opponents for the nomination. When it became evident that Roosevelt would win the nomination, Garner cut a deal with the front-runner, becoming Roosevelt's Vice Presidential candidate. He was re-elected to the Seventy-third Congress on November 8, 1932, and on the same day was elected Vice President of the United States. He was reelected Vice President in 1936 and served in that office from March 4, 1933 to January 20, 1941. Garner, always the character, once described the office of the vice presidency as being "not worth a bucket of warm piss" (at the time reported with the bowdlerization "spit") and that his decision to take it in the first place was "the worst damn fool mistake I ever made." During Roosevelt's second term, the previously warm relationship between Garner and Roosevelt quickly soured, as Garner disagreed sharply with Roosevelt on a wide range of important issues. Garner supported federal intervention to break up the first sit-down strike, supported a balanced federal budget, opposed packing the Supreme Court with additional judges, and opposed executive interference with the internal business of the Congress. After Roosevelt sought to defeat in the 1938 primaries Democrats who opposed him, Garner began to see himself as the champion of the regular Democratic Party, as opposed to the New Deal party which supported Roosevelt. During 1938 and 1939, numerous Democratic party leaders urged Garner to run for President in 1940. Gallup polls showed that Garner was the favorite among Democratic voters, presuming that Roosevelt would not run for a third term.

Development of Agriculture in Nigeria

Since 1974 the Bank has committed $1. 2 billion for Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) to increase farm production and welfare among smallholders in Nigeria. OED reviewed five ADPs and a supporting Agricultural Technical Assistance Project (ATAP), all implemented between 1979 and 1990. Only two of the six projects had satisfactory outcomes. In general, rainfed agricultural production was far below projections. Macroeconomic conditions, some national policies, and particular design and implementation problems prevented a more significant impact. Low-cost irrigated development of lowland areas (fadama) was, however, quite successful. Village water supply components exceeded their targets. The ADPs have evolved to be â€Å"permanent† institutions for rural infrastructural development and agricultural services, but their role vis-a-vis the regular state departments needs to be reviewed. ADP concept The ADPs were designed in response to a fall in agricultural productivity, and hence a concern to sustain domestic food supplies, as labor had moved out of agriculture into more remunerative activities that were benefitting from the oil boom. Conversely, domestic recycling of oil income provided the opportunity for the government, with Bank support, to develop the ADPs. The projects provided agricultural investment and services, rural roads, and village water supplies. The government's adoption of the ADP concept put the smallholder sector at the center of the agricultural development strategy, and marked a clear shift away from capital-intensive investment projects for selected areas of high agricultural potential. The first ADPs in Nigeria were enclave projects each covering a specific region within a state. Their early results impressed both the federal and state governments, and there was pressure to replicate the approach across whole states. By 1989 all Nigeria's then 19 states had ADPs. (See Box. ) Two of the projects audited–Ilorin and Oyo North–were enclave projects, and were located in the â€Å"middle belt† of Nigeria whose main crops are rainfed cereals and root crops. The three other ADPs audited–Bauchi, Kano, and Sokoto–were statewide projects in Nigeria's northern zone. Cropping in his zone is based on rainfed cereal crops and pulses, with localized areas of fadama in drainage lines that can support higher-value crops. The northern ADPs applied an expanded version of the same model used in the earlier enclave projects in this zone. This model demanded large amounts of capital and services and intensive management. With hindsight, not enough thought was given to the implications of the large increase in scale–or indeed to the less fav orable production environment than existed in the smaller enclaves. Goals, content All the five ADPs sought to increase food production and farm incomes. In all of them it was assumed that productivity increases would come from the use of improved technology, especially planting material and fertilizer. The agricultural components of the projects were designed around systems for developing technology and transferring it to farmers, distributing modern inputs, and land development including small-scale irrigation of fadama areas and land clearing. Investments in infrastructure included an expanded feeder road network, construction of farm service centers for input distribution, and facilities for ADP staff and operations. All projects except that in Ilorin supported improvements in rural water supplies. To support its agricultural development goals the federal government introduced controls on food imports and continued its substantial subsidies on farm inputs, particularly fertilizer.

Al Frescos Determination of Marketing and Promotional Mix

Al Frescos Determination of Marketing and Promotional Mix Marketing and promotional mix determination is an integral part of the branding and brand promotion initiative of a company. based on such assertions, Al Fresco too underwent a crucial decision making process of choosing the right promotional campaign that would be appropriate for the strategic initiative of the company as well as fit the advertising budget of the company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Al Frescos Determination of Marketing and Promotional Mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Al Fresco has a limited marketing budget of $185,000 for 2006 and decision has to be made as to which is the right method of communicating to the right target customer at the lowest possible cost. The paper describes what were the contexts that were constraint to make a logical choice, the mathematics involved in the decision making process, and the intuitive reasoning behind the final choice. The marketing campaigns that are b eing opted as options for the campaign of 2006 are buzz campaign, trade advertisement, price-oriented promotions, magazine advertisement, and status quo. The first option was buzz campaign that was used in the previous year but provided unexpected results for the supermarkets. The campaign that was earlier used by the company was buzz campaign that would cost the company approximately $73,000. It is believed by the marketing team of Al Fresco that using this campaign will effectively increase the sales by $95,760 on a pessimistic level and $119,700 optimistically. However, buzz campaign if used in 2006, will cover areas that were not campaigned in the previous year. However, on other side of this campaign is that the sales executives of the company were apprehensive regarding the reaction of the supermarket buyers who were not happy with the untraditional market campaign and felt that it did not help in long-term brand building. The second campaign alternative with Al Fresco was tra de advertisements, which would cost around $80,000 to the company. In this the target were shifted to the supermarket executives and buyers. It could make an impact on food retailing decision makers by telling them about the brand’s sales and profit potential. Targeting the supermarket executives would help the company increase its shelf space as well as brand awareness. The only problem that the marketers faced in this respect is that Al Fresco was not actually a developed brand and therefore did not have much to offer as a brand. This promotion option has the virtue of gaining greater credibility from the supermarket executives. The third option is price-oriented promotion that has been a request from the sales force. This increases the attractiveness of the product for the price-oriented customers, and influences, to a great extent, the buying decision of supermarket purchasers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, competitors use a more expensive option, this form of advertising campaign also. The fourth alternative is a less expensive magazine advertising campaign. In this Al Fresco can advertise its products in magazines like Better Homes and Gardens, Food and Wine, and/or Cooking Light. There are effectively three options – full page, half page, or quarter page colored advertisement. The demographics readers of these magazines are similar to the target market of Al Fresco. However, one disadvantage of the campaign is that consumers have to be exposed to the advertisement at least two or three times for it to become effective. The fifth option was status quo wherein the company would not adopt any marketing. This is a risky choice given that Al Fresco was operating in a market that was growing. Given these options for marketing, the next stage was to determine which the right marketing campaign was for the company that would give the best possible results. The aim of the marketers was to adopt a campaign that would be most cost effective and would help in strategic implementation, would allow strongest reach to the target market and consumers, address all the concerns of the sales executives, and develop goodwill with the supermarket executives and retailers. Given these constraints, the marketing campaign that was chosen for 2006 is a combination campaign of price promotions and publishing magazine advertisements and delivers the best possible results. This campaign was expected to deliver the required target sales, fit the advertising budget, and retain financial backup in the advertising fund to be used if need be. The rationale behind adopting these campaigns were mainly to address the concerns of the sales executives as it was believed that price promotion was the most effective campaign nationwide and advertisement in magazine was chosen for its cost effectiveness. Price promotion was to he lp target the price-sensitive consumers and help the brand building process that would increase shelf space for the products. This would enhance retail relationship of the company. These efforts will help to push product and build consumer recognition because of the promotional efforts to grow demand. The second campaign strategy employed was advertising in magazines. The option adopted by the company was to advertise in Cooking Light and Food and Wine that provide cheaper advertising options and helps the company to educate and communicate to consumers at a different level. Using both the price promotion and advertising in magazines helps the company to best utilize the budget resources, investment cost efficiently, allows best possible communication of the brand and product to the target market, provides solutions to the concerns of the sales executives, and build goodwill and growth in retailer relations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Al Frescos Deter mination of Marketing and Promotional Mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third stage that has to be considered is the implementation and control of the promotional campaigns. Proper implementation of the price promotion strategy would allow the brand to gain greater shelf space and in-store presence due to higher demand from the consumers. This would allow greater ease of availability of the products to the consumers. Further, coupons provided through magazine advertisements, direct mails, online or physically on product package would generate consumer interest in the product. This will also educate the consumers regarding where to find the products. The implementation in the magazine advertisement would be done through advertisements done in two magazines Cooking Light and Food and Wine that has a viewership of 2,600,000 people. The company would place four colored advertisements in Cooking Light and a half page advertisement in Food and Wine. The cost would be $57,840 and $19,882.50 respectively. Post advertisement campaigns are implemented the final stage and the most important stage would be monitoring the response from these advertisements. Al Fresco must will monitor and evaluate sales and market share after initial implementation of chosen marketing initiatives to review if drastic market share is lost. Further, the marketers must keep track on the return on investment of these campaigns and see if there is positive or negative return. If either of the campaigns is found to generate negative return, the company will have to adopt a more aggressive approach to marketing. One move could be lowering the process of the product, as the gross margin is 44.6 percent, in order to create greater awareness among customers and increase sales volume. Another would be to promote the products more visibly at the retailers’ location. In the present campaign adopted, there is an expected surplus of budget of $12,27 7.50 that could be utilized fro emergency situations.

Northern Arizona NAU Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Northern Arizona NAU Admissions and Acceptance Rate With an acceptance rate of 78  percent, Northern Arizona University (NAU) is generally accessible to most. Students, in order to apply, will need to submit an application (which can be completed online) and official high school transcripts. While the school is test-optional, students interested in scholarship opportunities may be required to submit SAT or ACT scores. For complete guidelines and instructions, be sure to visit Northern Arizonas website, or get in touch with an admissions counselor. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016) Northern Arizona University Acceptance Rate: 78%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for NAU AdmissionsNorthern Arizona University Has Test-Optional AdmissionsBig Sky Conference SAT score comparisonSAT comparison for Arizona collegesACT comparison for Arizona collegesBig Sky Conference ACT score comparison Northern Arizona University Description Founded in 1899, Northern Arizona University is a large public university whose 738-acre campus is located in  Flagstaff, Arizona, and the school also has many satellite campuses. NAU  can boast that it is closer to the Grand Canyon than any other university. Students come from 50 states and 70 countries, and they can choose from 91 undergraduate degree programs and 60 graduate degree programs offered through the universitys seven colleges. Education and business are both extremely popular among undergraduates. The university has a 18 to 1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 28. In athletics, the NAU Lumberjacks compete in the NCAA Division I  Big Sky Conference. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 30,361  (26,500 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41% Male / 59% Female81% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $10,764 (in-state); $24,144 (out-of-state)Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,872Other Expenses: $4,850Total Cost: $26,486 (in-state); $39,866 (out-of-state) Northern Arizona University Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 92%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 86%Loans: 52%Average Amount of AidGrants: $9,222Loans: $6,122 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business Administration, Criminology, Elementary Education, Liberal Arts, Management, Nursing, Psychology, Special EducationWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 76%4-Year Graduation Rate: 36%6-Year Graduation Rate: 53% Intercollegiate Athletics Mens Sports: basketball, cross country, football, tennis, track fieldWomens Sports: basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, track field, volleyball Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Northern Arizona University, You May Also Like These Schools Arizona State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Arizona: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Nevada Los Angeles: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Southern California: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColorado State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of New Mexico: ProfileSan Diego State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCSU Long Beach: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWashington State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Refugees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refugees - Essay Example by reporting on the High Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development’s 2013 meeting, which was hosted by the Permanent Observer Mission to the Holy See to the UN to discuss response to the refugee crisis (cmsny.org, 2013). In discussing the refugee crisis, the article highlights the countries that have had to deal with the refugee crisis, as well as the main challenges they face in hosting refugees. According to the writer, other countries should be doing more to assist in the refugee crisis by giving more aid and assistance to the host countries and partnering with them for long-term solutions. This is important to ensure that the situation is not made worse by inability of host countries to admit refugees. The article’s main argument holds that the slow response by the international community, aside from Syria’s neighbors, will worsen the already critical refugee situation. The refugee crisis has resulted in over one million children living in refugee camps and camps for the internally displaced, which has placed them in danger of exploitation through trafficking, early marriage, and child labor (cmsny.org, 2013). In addition, the crisis has also affected fellow refugees from Palestine, Iraq, Sudan, Afghanistan, and Somalia, who have had to flee most parts of the country. This mass exodus of humans from Syria to neighboring countries has burdened host countries with extra budgetary expenses, which will only worsen as the war drags on. Any more significant numbers of refugees will place huge economic and social burdens on the host countries (cmsny.org, 2013), which may turn refugees to maintain their own countries’ socio-economic wellbeing. In making this argument, the writer makes the assumption that there will be no cessation of hostilities and that the refugee crisis will only get worse as more of Syria becomes a war zone. In my opinion, it is important that other countries become in the mitigation of the Syrian refugee crisis. This is

Select one of the locations of the assigned multinational corporation( Essay

Select one of the locations of the assigned multinational corporation( NOKIA) and discuss it in terms of the form of its interna - Essay Example The main aim of the company is to maintain the position in the world in spite of huge competition from both Google as well as Microsoft. They have a strong brand with which they may have great future plans. The company is offering excellent service and comprehensible software to the billions of customers along with operators in the world (Nokia, n.d.). The new strategies have been developed by the company which are related to the transformation of operational structure along with leadership in order to facilitate the company to accelerate in competitive environment. Their main strategies include developing a new wining ecosystem of mobile they have intended to make a strategic partnership along with Microsoft. They have developed the strategy to make investment in the disruptive technologies of subsequent generations. To make a good focus on result, accountability as well as speed, they build an effective organisational structure along with efficient leadership team (Nokia Connecting People, 2011). The company is concerned with developing, manufacturing as well as designing of communication devices. They offer internet service in order to facilitate various facilities such as video, music, and games to the users. The company operates in three reportable segments which include ‘Devices and Services’, ‘Nokia Siemens Networks’ and ‘NAVTEQ’. Devices and Services consist of Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions and Mobile Phones. Under NAVTEQ, it provides services and digital maps related information along with location based content (Docstoc, 2010). In 1985, Nokia first started its operation in Australia with a view to build the telecommunication network of the country. Nokia Mobile phones were first used by Australian customers in the year 1993. In 2000, Nokia Internet Communications began its operations with the purpose of providing products for internet security along with solutions for ventures. In Australia, the company has ga ined wonderful success with its developed brand and became the market leader with its mobile technology, network infrastructure as well as services and products of the enterprise. The company also achieved ‘National Best Employer’ of â€Å"Best Employer to Work for in Australia Awards† in 2002. The new technologies with its Future Lab facility are also developed in Sydney. The Future Lab is a mutual project between Nokia and Optus which has been designed in order to develop mobile technologies, applications and services and then delivery to the market. Besides these Nokia Australia participates enthusiastically in the community with a view of supporting numerous charities. They are also involved in participating in Land Care; as well as Coast Care initiatives in Australia (Nokia Connecting People, 2011). In Australia, Nokia Australia Pty Limited is recognised as a ‘foreign owned private company’. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Nokia Corporati ons. It’s headquarter is located in Pyrmont in New South Wales. Nokia Australia Pty Limited offers various products as well as services. The mobile devices which include phones along with accessories are sold and marketed to both domestic as well as

Animal Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal Rights - Research Paper Example A school of debaters of animal rights claim that whether animal should have rights should be decided on which characteristics of animals have been taken into consideration. But most often some of the debaters fail to consider animals’ rights in term of human being. Obviously animals’ rights should be considered in relation to human beings’ welfare of betterment. Probably, purely ethical perspectives will never be able to reach any unanimous conclusion. Indeed, the attempt to include human being in the issue of animal rights is debated, since some people believe that inclusion of human-animal relationship into the debate on animal right violates pureness of ethicality of rights. Indeed, such a tendency fails to consider the fact that the question of animal right arises the very conflict of human interest with animals’. Therefore, any attempt to decide whether animals should have rights and (if yes) what rights animals should have needs to take human-animal relationship into consideration. Necessarily, if man-animal relationship along the previously mentioned factors is taken into consideration, debaters can reach a conclusion which might not be the unanimous, but will prove to be effective good for animals and also for humanity. Indeed any ethical decision about animal rights from a man-animal relationship perspective, in the very first place, grants animals to have rights, since lack of animals’ rights endangers not only the animals but also the human life on earth. A Brief History of Animal’s Rights Though the debates on animal right began to absorb heat during the 21 century, it has a root in the ancient philosophy. The â€Å"Book of Genesis† says that God has given Adam dominion over â€Å"the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.† (Francione, 1996, p. 45) A creed religiosity most likely vie ws such statement as the divine assertion of man’s right over animal as the possession of material property. But a more liberal view on this doctrinal assertion considers that man’s dominion over animal kingdom does not necessarily infer that man is the ruthless usurper or exploiter of animal kingdom (Francione, 1996, pp. 42-46). Rather he is the sincere guardian of animals and he must know what animals should have what rights. Furthermore, the famous philosopher, Pythagoras argues that animals should have the right to be respected because their souls are reincarnated from human souls and vice versa. Indeed, Pythagoras’s argument is mostly doctrinal; so it needs to be validated from any ethical perspective. Even Aristotle also advocated such doctrinal view about animal right; but he holds a view which is opposite to Pythagoras’. He likes to see human beings and animals on the same ‘Great Chain of Being’. Indeed, Since Aristotle’s view is also tied with a rigid ethical framework, it cannot tell much about what man should do when man’s right and animal right conflict with each other (Fellenz, 2007, pp.34-45) In modern Europe, the concept of animal right began to grow during the late 18th century. Arthur Schopenhauer (1998), who was a German philosopher, was a great supporter of this the development of the concept of animal right in England. Though he supports man’s practice of eating meat, he appreciated the idea of animal right: â€Å"awakening more and more to a sense that beasts have rights, in proportion as the strange notion is being gradually

The significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Essay Example for Free

The significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Essay The significance of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The class action Brown v. Board of Education is recognized as one of the greatest decision in the twentieth century by the Supreme Court. This court held unanimously that racial discrimination of kids in public schools desecrated the Equal protection clause in the constitution. Even though the decision was not successful in United States in completely desegregating public education, it incited the civil rights movement which was emerging into a popular revolution and also succeeded in putting constitution on the side of the racial equality. Many regions of United States had numerous segregated schools in 1954 and this was made legal in plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 where it was held that isolated public facilities were constitutional provided that white and black facilities were â€Å"equal† to each other. But, by mid-twentieth century the civil rights groups established political and legal challenges to racial discrimination. In early 1950’s some class lawsuits were initiated as a way of seeking court orders to oblige school districts to allow black students to attend white public schools. Brown v. Board of education case was one of the class actions which were initiated against the Topeka. In this case Brown argued that Topeka’s racial discrimination violated the clause of equal protection of United States constitution. This decision by the Supreme Court declared discrimination in the educational facilities was unconstitutional. Supreme Court through this decision ended the notion that â€Å"separa te† could be termed as being â€Å"equal† (Retrieved May 5, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html). How did the Tet Offensive change American public opinion about the war in Vietnam?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tet offensive which was televised in the United States nightly surprised a lot of Americans who had the idea previously of United States easily taking care of the enemy. United States forces pushed the Vietnamese forces back where they eventually caused huge casualties on them however the effect of fighting on United States public opinion was very huge(Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/history/how-did-the-tet-offensive-affect-public-opinion-about-the-vietnam-war). Briefly describe the factors that brought an end to the Cold War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cold war came to an end since a reformist faction of the communist party came to power in the USSR with Andropov, and then again with Gorbachev, since the old-guard, and just plain old, soviet leaders kept dying. Gorbachev from a younger generation had a much more critical attitude towards the UUSR and was much more educated, intelligent, worldly and open-minded than any other previous leader who is more than Reagan too. There was, however, one other group responsible for the end of the cold war: the individuals of the USSR and Eastern Europe who protests and organized at great personal risks. Their protests and Gorbachev’s acceptance of their roles brought about the end of the cold war not United States arms deployment which may have delayed the whole process (Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_events_started_and_ended_the_Cold_War?#slide=28). Briefly describe the reason the Clinton administration embraced NAFTA and the WTO and why the WTO was such a controversial organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clinton’s administration was aimed at curbing international and domestic terrorism. Clinton administration efforts were aimed at rewarding those who worked. WTO is a basic international body which is aimed at assisting in the free trade. Controversy has faced WTO where it has been hijacked through county interests therefore worsening the lot of poor, intense criticism and inviting protest (Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/42/the-wto-and-free-trade). References How did the Tet Offensive affect public opinion about the Vietnam War?. (n.d.). How did the Tet Offensive affect public opinion about the Vietnam War?. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/history/how-did-the-tet-offensive-affect-public-opinion-about-the-vietnam-war The WTO and Free Trade. (n.d.). Global Issues. Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.globalissues.org/article/42/the-wto-and-free-trade What events started and ended the Cold War?. (n.d.). WikiAnswers. Retrieved May 6, 2014, fromhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_events_started_and_ended_the_Cold_War?#slide=28 supreme court. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved May 5, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html Source document

Internal Resistance Investigation :: Papers

Internal Resistance Investigation I will conduct the following investigation with the aim to find the internal resistance of a lemon battery, which I will construct myself. The variables that could affect my experiment are as follows:  · Size of lemon - I will conduct my experiment in no longer than an hour, allowing me to use the same lemon for all results  · Size of metal electrodes - I will use the exact same electrodes throughout the whole experiment  · Length of any connecting wires - I will use the exact same wires throughout my experiment and will not break the circuit once I have started collecting data  · Resistance in the circuit - I will vary this using a highly sensitive variable resistor as shown in my method. To make my experiment fair I will only vary the most relevant variable to what I am investigating, which is the resistance in the circuit. All the other variables will be kept the same throughout the experiment as stated above. In my experiment I will need to measure the terminal pd, V, and the Current, I (in amps), for many values of resistance, R (in W), I will measure these as I know that V=E-Ir so these are the values that I need to know if I am to eventually calculate the batteries internal resistance. I think that to make my graphs and conclusions accurate I will need to take at least 10 measurements, covering the full range of the variable resistor I have available to me. To improve the accuracy of my experiment I will take my readings to the most decimal places as my voltmeter and ammeter will allow me. To do this I will need to make sure that I am using the milliamp/volt or 2 amp/volt setting on my meters. As I said before I will also do all I can to ensure that no other variables other that the one I am investigating are varied at any time during the experiment. It is hard to determine the exact resistance that a variable resistor is set at

Math History Essay -- essays research papers

Mathematics starts with counting. It is not reasonable, however, to suggest that early counting was mathematics. Only when some record of the counting was kept and, therefore, some representation of numbers occurred can mathematics be said to have started. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000 BC. Earlier a place value notation number system had evolved over a lengthy period with a number base of 60. It allowed arbitrarily large numbers and fractions to be represented and so proved to be the foundation of more high powered mathematical development. Number problems such as that of the Pythagorean triples (a,b,c) with a2+b2 = c2 were studied from at least 1700 BC. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems. Quadratic equations were also studied and these examples led to a type of numerical algebra. Geometric problems relating to similar figures, area and volume were also studied and values obtained for p.The Babylonian basis of mathematic s was inherited by the Greeks and independent development by the Greeks began from around 450 BC. Zeno of Elea's paradoxes led to the atomic theory of Democritus. A more precise formulation of concepts led to the realisation that the rational numbers did not suffice to measure all lengths. A geometric formulation of irrational numbers arose. Studies of area led to a form of integration. The theory of conic sections show a high point in pure mathematical study by Apollonius. Further mathematical discoveries were driven by the astronomy, for example the study of trigonometry. The major Greek progress in mathematics was from 300 BC to 200 AD. After this time progress continued in Islamic countries. Mathematics flourished in particular in Iran, Syria and India. This work did not match the progress made by the Greeks but in addition to the Islamic progress, it did preserve Greek mathematics. From about the 11th Century Adelard of Bath, then later Fibonacci, brought this Islamic mathemati cs and its knowledge of Greek mathematics back into Europe. Major progress in mathematics in Europe began again at the beginning of the 16th Century with Pacioli, then Cardan, Tartaglia and Ferrari with the algebraic solution of cubic and quartic equations. Copernicus and Galileo revolutionised the applications of mathematics to the study of the universe. The progress in algebra had a major psychologic... ...ever have taken place without logs. Then the world changed. The pocket calculator appeared. The logarithm remains an important mathematical function but its use in calculating has gone for ever. Here is the challenge. What will replace the calculator? You might say that this is an unfair question. However let me remind you that Napier invented the basic concepts of a mechanical computer at the same time as logs. The basic ideas that will lead to the replacement of the pocket calculator are almost certainly around us. We can think of faster calculators, smaller calculators, better calculators but I'm asking for something as different from the calculator as the calculator itself is from log tables. I have an answer to my own question but it would spoil the point of my challenge to say what it is. Think about it and realise how difficult it was to invent non-euclidean geometries, groups, general relativity, set theory, and everything else to do with MATH! Einstein and his Theory What do you think when some one says Einstein, is it Relativity, or E=MC2? What do you think E=MC2 means, well it means Energy=Mass x Speed of Light Squared. He was way ahead of his own time, he was a genius!

Graded unit development stage Essay

Abstract The purpose of this project was to create a house corner, so the child-minder and her assistants are able to assess the children in their care more easily. As well as having somewhere for the children to be able to go and role/pretend play. The aim of the project was too: To lead the development of creating the house corner, within the child-minding setting †¢ To resource a house corner facility in my childminding setting The methods were completed by interviewing child-minder’s and giving parents questionnaires to get their opinions on role play and the house corner. It was found that there are mixed views regarding role play, role play areas and role play to assist assessments. My assistants participated in the creation of the house corner, my parents participated in the questionnaires given out to them and four local childminders participated in my interviews. Throughout this piece of research it has become apparent that everyone has different ideas regarding role play and how children should be doing this. My recommendation is that there should be a framework for childminders stating what equipment they should have and what they need to do for a basic education for the children. Introduction The purpose of this project was to create a house corner, so the childminder and her assistance’s are able to assess the chidren in their care more easily. As well as having somewhere for the children to be able to go and role/pretend play. Within graded unit a house corner will be created within the child-minding setting because one of the parents had said â€Å"it would be nice to have a house corner area’. This is because the child within this family has no brother’s and sister’s and the family would like to see how their child role plays and interacts with others. Also working with the Community Child-minders a house corner is a good place to be able to assess a child through role play. The Community Child-minder Area Manager also recommends having a house corner in place in the setting. This is for assessment and observational reasons as a community child-minder can have a lot of Child Protection referrals. While developing this unit various mandatory units of the HND Childhood Practice relates to this topic they are Sociology and Psychology. The Sociological theory Symbolic interactionism, Feminism and Psychological theories of Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruce will be looked at. I will also be looking at leadership though this unit and looking the democratic leadership style. I will also be looking at various legislations though out this unit as this relates to getting it right for every child (GIRFEC)2012, because when working together with other authorities to make everything better for the child/children involved in the service. You can see what is going on in ‘their world’ from the role play the children do. It will enable assessments to be carried out while the child is at play. I will be looking at the Data protection act 1998 and the Equality Act 2010, this is relevant so at every interview everyone is treated the same and all the information is kept confidential. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The Convention gives children and young people over 40 substantive rights, including the right to: †¢special protection measures and assistance †¢access to services such as education and healthcare †¢develop their personalities, abilities and talents to the fullest potential †¢grow up in an environment of happiness, love and understanding †¢be informed about and participate in achieving their rights in an accessible and active manner. Bench mark Standards 3.9 Managers/lead practitioners have the knowledge and understanding needed to support evidence informed practice. They: know how to access, and apply relevant research and enquiry-based findings know how to reflect on and engage in the systematic investigation of practice can make informed choices among particular research methods and methods of evaluation draw on a range of sources of evidence to analyse and evaluate practice draw on relevant principles, theories and approaches to inform their practice demonstrate the ability to share and discuss with others the principles and perspectives that underpin their own professional practice. Aims Within the graded unit I have two aims to achieve, these are: †¢To lead the development of creating the house corner, within the child-minding setting †¢To resource a house corner facility in my childminding setting Methods For all the research methods, questionnaires and interviews, the responses will be kept confidential and all the aspects of confidentiality will be respected. Interview four child-minders to see how they set up their house corners, For this method I contacted four local Fife childminders that also work with the community childminding, I discussed with them over the telephone what I was required to do and how I would visit their setting to see their play area and to do an interview to gain qualitative information. (Appendix 1) Visit child-minding settings to see the home corners and how they work. I visited the childminders setting so I could see their play area and the home corners and how the childminders used the area to assess the children. All parents’ views on role play will be gained by a questionnaire which will mainly have closed questions to gain quantitate information on role play, this will be piloted in class with my peers. I created a questionnaire which will mainly have closed questions to gain quantitate information. I piloted the questionnaire with my class peers using email. I then handed the questionnaire out to the 8 parents that use my service. They all completed the questionnaire by the return date of the 25th April 2013. (Appendix 2) Fund raise to gain funds to resource the house corner. For the funds to resource the house corner, I had  £20 available through petty cash. I then did a sponsored toddle with my pre-school children on the 23rd April 2013 and created sponsor forms for the children to take home and get family and friends to sponsor them. (Appendix 3) Morrow The code of ethics written by Morrow (1996) will be looked at while researching this unit. Ethical considerations in research with children and young people occur at all stages of the research process. They should be considered as an on-going and reflexive part of the research process throughout the life of a research project and not just as the first hurdle to be overcome. Results I have interviewed four childminders for research purposes and to gain qualitative information regarding the house corner and role play. I had asked if the childminders believed if having a house corner was an effective way to aid role play 25% said yes while the other 75% said no and their reasoning for this was that despite having a house corner children would role play no matter where they were. â€Å"Children will role play whether there is a house corner present or not†. I asked if the adults get involved in the children’s role play 75% said they sit back and observe/none and 25% said they get involved if the children ask but with draw as soon as possible. During the interview I asked the four childminders what sort of assessments do they already do in their setting 100% answered Observations and Photographic only. (Appendix 4) I have visited four childminding settings to see what role play facilities childminders have in their setting. Each childminder had little role play equipment out for the children to use and the children were sat playing board games, reading books or playing outside on apparatus. I ask two of the childminders about their role play equipment-one responded â€Å"Children don’t need equipment to role play, they turn things into equipment and pretend play†. I gave all my parents that attend my setting questionnaires, to gain quantitate information which is eight in total. I had a 100% return on my questionnaires. I had asked if my parents thought a house corner was an effect way to aid role play? 62.5% said yes it is an effective way while 37.5% said it wasn’t effective. (Appendix 5) I had asked if role play promotes or condemns a child’s development? 87.5% said it promotes a childs development while 12.5% said it condemns the development. This parent stated â€Å"My child doesn’t role play and their development is fine†. I asked the parents what role play toys do the children have at home? Fundraiser The fundraising for the house corner we did a sponsoredtoddle. At the fundraiser there was 2 adults and 8 children involved and we raised  £159.26. (Appendix 6) With this money I intend to buy the following for the house corner. Kitchen pots and pans Plastic kitchen food Play plates cups and cutlery Paint and decoration for the home corner Table and chairs Discussion Feminism According to the feminist belief, women are being exploited by the sources like books, media, and the society by means of children’s toys. Feminists are of the view that the society aims to put conditions on children from their birth about their anticipated roles in society. In the statement, ‘pink is for girls and blue is for boys’, radical feminists would strongly argue that through parental expectations things like toys, books, and television begins the exploitation of women. For instance, girls are given dolls to play with, kitchens, prams, and tea sets. Feminists would claim due to imposition of such conditions, girls into their expected roles of playing the housewife and caring for children. On the other hand, boys are given footballs, computer games, cars, trucks, and are encouraged by their fathers for dummy fight. This encourages men to be masculine, violent and physically powerful according to the feminists. Symbolic Interactionism This theory focuses on the way that people interact through symbols: words, gestures, rules, and roles. In order for interaction to work, each person must interpret the meanings and intentions of others; this is made possible by common symbols this is what Mead called ‘role taking.’ This involves one person taking on a role of another person, by imagining that they are the other person, which they are interacting with. For example, if a person observes another smiling, crying, waving a hand or shaking a fist, they will put themselves in that persons position so they can interpret the intention and meaning. This will create their response to the action of the other person. Human interaction is a continuous process, with people taking it in turn of playing the role of the other. Mead argued that the process of role taking helps individuals develop a concept called ‘self’. There are two aspects of self these are ‘Me and I’. Me is a definition of yourself in a particular role for example a ‘good parent’ or a good colleague’. The I is an opinion of yourself, which is otherwise known as your-self-concept, which is built up from the reactions of others and the way you interpret those reactions. Self is not something we are born with but it is learnt during childhood. There are two main stages in the development of this. The first is known as the play stage which involves children playing roles that are not their own for example a child may play Mums and Dads, Drs and Nurses. In doing this the child learns there is a difference between themselves and the role they are playing. Piaget Jean Piaget, a philosopher and psychologist, was one of the first researchers to take children’s play seriously. He came to recognize that children learn step-by-step through experience and interaction with the world around them. In fact, Piaget’s research discovered that the young mind is not capable of formal logic and abstract thinking until 11 or 12 years old. Up until then, children learn inductively through experimentation and testing – through hands-on play. Piaget identified these stages of children’s development: Sensorimotor Stage: Birth to 2 years The child at this stage uses senses and motor abilities to figure out the world. Squeeze the rubber ducky and it quacks. Drop the ball in the hole and it rolls down the chute all the way to the bottom. Through repetitive play, the young child learns how to keep in mind what’s out of sight and how to cause a reaction. Preoperational Stage: 2 to 6 years During this stage the child acquires the ability to use symbols but still requires physical props and concrete situations to solve problems. A preschooler will line up 4 blocks and 4 more and then count up to 8. Concrete Operations: 6-11 years From physical experience, the school-age child learns to conceptualize. Now 4+4 can be solved with numbers, not just with objects. Still the young student relies on experiment and discovery to hotwire the brain. Vygotsky Vygotsky’s research on play, or children’s games. Vygotsky gives the famous example of a child who wants to ride a horse but cannot. If the child were under three, he would perhaps cry and be angry, but around the age of three the child’s relationship with the world changes: â€Å"Hence play is such that the explanation for it must always be that it is the imaginary, illusory realization of unrealizable desires. Imagination is a new formation that is not present in the consciousness of the very raw young child, is totally absent in animals, and represents a specifically human form of conscious activity. Like all functions of consciousness, it originally arises from action.† The child wishes to ride a horse but cannot, so he picks up a stick and stands astride of it, thus pretending he is riding a horse. The stick is a pivot. â€Å"Action according to rules begins to be determined by ideas, not by objects†¦. It is terribly difficult for a child to sev er thought (the meaning of a word) from object. Play is a transitional stage in this direction. At that critical moment when a stick – i.e., an object – becomes a pivot for severing the meaning of horse from a real horse, one of the basic psychological structures determining the child’s relationship to reality is radically altered†. As children get older, their reliance on pivots such as sticks, dolls and other toys diminishes. They have internalized these pivots as imagination and abstract concepts through which they can understand the world. â€Å"The old adage that ‘children’s play is imagination in action’ can be reversed: we can say that imagination in adolescents and schoolchildren is play without action†. Vygotsky also referred to the development of social rules that form, for example, when children play house and adopt the roles of different family members. Vygotsky cites an example of two sisters playing being sisters. The rules of behavior between them that go unnoticed in daily life are consciously acquired throug h play. Bruce Tina Bruce’s theory is a theory on play, which includes 12 features that assist in cultivating, recognising and monitoring free flowing play. The features that make up the theory include, making up playing rules, having fist hand experience, playing together, pretending, having personal agenda, making props and deep involvement, among others. The theory emphasized on the importance of outdoor pay in the lives of children. (Appendix Democrative Leadership Style The leaders invite and encourage the team members to play an important role in decision-making process, though the ultimate decision-making power rests with the leader. The leader guides the employees on what to perform and how to perform, while the employees communicate to the leader their experience and the suggestions if any. The advantages of this leadership style are that it leads to satisfied, motivated and more skilled employees. It leads to an optimistic work environment and also encourages creativity. This leadership style has the only drawback that it is time-consuming. These findings show that children role play as a part of learning and they develop all their developmental skills through doing this. Despite whether you have a role play area/equipment children will find other ways to role play using equipment and pretending it is something else. There has been theorists studying role play and although they all make good points I feel Tina Bruces 12 features of play is the closest to being true. Conclusion Throughout this piece of research it has become apparent that everyone has different ideas regarding role play and how children should be doing this. Each childminder does things differently and I feel there should be an overall standard that each childminder should have when setting up a childcare setting.